Canto Twenty-eight

In the twenty-eighth Canto, we see the punishment of the makers of discord. These are people who were involved in scandals and schism. The Italian for these words are scandalo and scisma. Some of these people were traitors and others engaged in gossip and major scandals. Mohammed and his cousin Ali are in this part of hell because they caused a schism in Christianity, creating a new religion. We also find Bertran de Born who started animosity between Henry II of England and his son, Henry the prince. This is the reason for the punishment. As Bertran de Born was torn emotionally between the king and his son, he is now physically torn in two. The punishment for all in the ninth ditch of Malebolge is being sliced open and healed, then the process repeats. Mosca dei Lamberti is here because he instigated the murder of Buondelmonte de Buondelmonti. Curio is also here because of his advice to Caesar started a war. As with the other sins, the punishment ironically fits the crime. 

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